21 July 1917. Alfred Knox

Non-fiction

Project 1917 is a series of events that took place a hundred years ago as described by those involved. It is composed only of diaries, letters, memoirs, newspapers and other documents

Alfred Knox

On July 21st General Gutor was replaced in command of the South-West Front by General Kornilov, and General Gherimisev, who had commanded the Xllth Corps in the recent offensive, was promoted to command the 8th Army.

General Kornilov, with the support of Savinkov, now the Commissary of the South-West Front, had the courage, on his own responsibility, to order officers to take “ exceptional measures, including shooting,” to restore order. At the same time, he telegraphed to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, General Brusilov, recommending the re-introduction of the death penalty in the theatre of operations, “ otherwise all responsibility would fall on those who think of controlling only by words on fields where reign death and disgrace, treachery, cowardice and selfishness.” The Government decided on July 25th to re-establish the death penalty in the theatre of war only. Kornilov prohibited all meetings at the front.

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Alexander Zamaraev

Totma, Vologodskaya guberniya, Russian Empire

I came home late. There were hail showers. Oat fields were damaged. Things are not going so well in Russia. There is now a nasty Bolshevik party that tries to ruin everything and accepts nothing. Even Minister Tsereteli’s car was taken.

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Osip Mandelstam

Petrograd, Russian Empire

Overwhelming swarms of human locusts that came from nowhere covered the banks of Fontanka, pasted itself all over fish markets, barges carrying wood, over quays, marble gangways and even boats of Ladoga potters.

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Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich

Gatchina, Russian Empire

It's become quiet for now in Petrograd. Misfortunes are still happening at the South-Western front.

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Alexander Blok

57, Ofitserskaya street, Petrograd, Russian Empire

The rebellion is "suppressed", and today there were shootings at the Neva river, at Vasilyevskiy island, at many other places - from guns, rifles, separately and all at once. I find it very difficult to fall between two stools politically, but everything that is happening sometimes can't reach the level of politics, and sometimes supercedes it. See more

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George Buchanan

Petrograd, Russian Empire

On my calling on him a few days later, Tereschenko assured me that the Government was now completely master of the situation and would act independently of the Soviet. See more

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Vladimir Lenin

Petrograd, Russian Empire

The question of the bolshevik leaders appearing in court. Judging by private conversations, there are two opinions on this question. Comrades succumbing to the “Soviet atmosphere” often incline towards appearing in court. Those closer to the workers apparently incline towards not appearing. In principle, the question chiefly boils down to an estimation of what is usually called constitutional illusions. See more

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Romain Rolland

Grand Hotel Chateau Bellevue, Sierre, Switzerland

Counter-revolution is happening in Russia. It is a repeat of the Paris Commune of 1848. Lenin is in hiding, Kerensky is a dictator serving the allies. The bourgeoisie in Germany, France and other countries should be relieved.

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Nicholas II

Tsarskoye Selo, Russian Empire

It was a nice, hot day. I went around the park with Tatiana and Plarie. During the day I worked with them in the same place as before. Yesterday and today the guards from the 1sti and 4th, Infantry Regiments were punctual in their performance and were not roaming around in the garden as we took our walk. See more

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+20

in Petrograd

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in Moscow