14 April 1917. Alfred Knox

Alfred Knox

Petrograd, Russian Empire

The British Labour Delegation arrives to-day.Young Lockhart has arrived from Moscow and

the Ambassador is taking him with him to visit Prince Lvov.I wrote out the following note

and asked the Ambassador to lay it before Lvov :“Agitation in the Russian Army”. Even in

peace time, politics should never be allowed in an army. The state of the Petrograd garrison is

evident. Three-fourths of the officers, including all of the best, have been expelled by the

men, who do exactly as they like. No work is being done. No officer dares to give a

punishment. Perhaps the state of the Petrograd garrison is unavoidable, but there seems no

excuse for allowing agitators to visit troops at the front. If the visits of politicians, of every

shade of opinion, to the army area were stopped, the unfortunate officers might have some

chance of restoring discipline before active operations commence. If these visits continue, the

Russian army will not be able to pin down the seventy-two German and forty-two Austrian

divisions, now in the Eastern theatre, and a large part of these divisions will be added to the

147 divisions with which Russia’s allies have now to contend in the Western theatre. In other

words, it is Russia’s allies that will have to pay for the demoralisation that is being allowed to

set in in the Russian army in the field. Discipline is everything in contemporary war. The

discipline in the Russian army under the old regime was always less severe than in other

armies. If the present agitation is allowed to continue there will be no discipline whatsoever

left.”

The Ambassador read this declaration to Prince Lvov, who replied that the Russian Army was

a better fighting machine than it had ever been before, and that it was quite well able to deal

with agitators!

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Elizaveta Naryshkina

Tsarskoye Selo, Russian Empire

On Easter Saturday I communed with them, perhaps for the last time. The thought of this really moved me. When I returned, I found a magnificent lilac in my room. The Empress had sent me some Easter eggs and a pillow which she had knitted, together with the wounded officers in her infirmary. Easter Matin was solemn, and oh so sad!

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Bertrand Russell

United Kingdom

Munition workers, oddly enough, tended to be pacifists. My speeches to munition workers in South Wales, all of which were inaccurately reported by detectives, caused the War Office to issue an order that I should not be any prohibited area. The prohibited areas were those into which it was particularly desired that no spies should penetrate. See more

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Alexander Kolchak

Sevastopol, Russian Empire

I’m in a very difficult position here. Leading a war and handling domestic politics, while trying to reconcile two such mutually exclusive tasks, amounts to a kind of monstrous compromise. The latter goes against my nature and psyche, and on top of that, I’m having to fight an internal struggle. This complicates everything to the extreme, and domestic politics is growing like a snowball rolling down a hill and is evidently engulfing the war. It’s a shared, unpleasant phenomenon which lies in the deeply non-military nature of the masses, who’ve been impregnated by abstract, lifeless ideas of social doctrines (but of what kind?!).

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Vladimir Korolenko

1, Malo-Sadovaya st., Poltava, Russian Empire

I find it most interesting to talk to simple people. I recently spoke at a rally in one of the dark outlying regions of the city, where mayhem threatens to creep out on every turbulent day. The audience was attentive. With a glance, I picked out two or three faces with especially uncultured features and spoke as if they were the only people there. It fascinated me. When I saw the attention, followed by interest, curiosity and agreement as I continued, it inspired thought and imagination. I am now working on a pop brochure for the nation, in which I show how the last Romanov broke down and destroyed the autocratic idol (and other expressions).

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Romola Nijinsky

Madrid, Spain

Sergei Pavlovich literally flew into the lobby of the hotel and passionately embraced Nijinsky: "Vatsa, dear, how are you?". The embrace turned out to be so gentle and sincere, as if there had never been an argument between them. It was the real Diaghilev of the past days. They retired to a corner and talked hours and hours, and it seemed that the old friendship had been restored. Since that day, we spent literally all the time with Diaghilev. See more

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Leon Bakst

Rome, Italy

War prevents me from working on my paintings. I have to work on smaller orders that bring me quick money, thereby allowing me to pay the bills.

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Alfred Knox

Petrograd, Russian Empire

Though the average age of the Russian commanders was, grade for grade, younger than that of the opposing German leaders, it had always been considered that the principle of selection had never been given sufficiently free play in the Russian army, and that young and able men had been unfairly kept back.Guchkov and Alexyeev now made sweeping changes.

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Maurice Paleologue

10, Kutuzova embankment, Petrograd, Russian Empire

Three French socialist deputies, Montet, Cachin and Lafont, arrived from Paris yesterday evening, travelling via Bergen and Tornea; they have come to preach wisdom and patriotism to the Soviet. They are accompanied by two members of the British Labour Party, O'Grady and Thorne. See more

Montet is a barrister; Cachin and Lafont are professors of philosophy; O'Grady is a cabinet-maker; Thorne, a plumber. French socialism is thus represented by intellectuals with a classical education, English socialism by manual workers, "matter-of-fact men." Theory on one side, practice on the other.

My three compatriots presented themselves at my office this morning. My first impressions of them left nothing to be desired. We were absolutely at one about the task that lies before them here. Their main anxiety was to know whether Russia is capable of continuing the war and if we can still rely on her for an effort which will enable us to secure our terms of peace. I told them that if they could win the confidence of the Soviet, speak to it kindly but firmly and succeed in convincing it that the fate of the revolution is bound up with the result of the war, the Russian army would again become an important factor---a factor of mass, if not of shock, in our strategic plans. As regards our peace programme, we must obviously adapt it to the new aspects of the problem. In the West I saw no reason for abandoning our claims or modifying our hopes, as American help must necessarily more or less compensate us for the diminished value of Russia's aid. But in eastern Europe and Asia Minor we should doubtless have to sacrifice something of our ambitions; but I also thought that if we set about the matter in the right way and our diplomacy carried out the manœuvre which will sooner or later be forced on us, in time that sacrifice would not cost France too much. They said they entirely agreed with me.

At one o'clock they came to lunch, as a family party, at the Embassy. All that they told me about the state of public feeling in France is quite satisfactory.

Seeing them thus under my roof, I could not help thinking what a strange and paradoxical spectacle their presence here presents. For the last five-and-twenty years the Socialist Party has never ceased in its attacks on the Franco-Russian alliance. And now we see three socialist deputies coming to defend it---against Russia!

When they left me, they went to the Champ-de-Mars to lay a wreath on the grave of the victims of the revolution, just as in the old days the envoys of the French Republic used to go to the Fortress of SS. Peter and Paul to place a wreath on the tomb of Alexander III. As Sainte-Beuve wrote: "Life is nothing but seeing everything and the reverse of everything."

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13 April

How pleasant was this day with Lenin!

Radek: "Together with Ilyich we went to a Stockholm department store. We bought Ilyich boots and trousers"

Stalin: "This situation cannot continue indefinitely. Revolution is deepening"